Concerning the Power of Bishops, Part 1

Lessons in the Lutheran Confessions

Scripture Text: Luke 20:19–26

Put in plain terms, the Church has power in spiritual matters. The State is left to deal with all else. Both Church and State overreach when they enter into the affairs of the other.

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Concerning Monastic Vows, Part 10

Lessons in the Lutheran Confessions

Scripture Text: James 1:1–4

God's will is that we would perform our normal duties of life faithfully and sincerely. In other words, we must not run from life, hoping that a deal we make with God will somehow make us perfect.

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Concerning Monastic Vows, Part 8

Lessons in the Lutheran Confessions

Scripture Text: 1 John 2:1–6

Christ is the sole player in our perfection. He has made satisfaction and atonement for our sins. We can add nothing to his perfect work on the cross.

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Concerning Monastic Vows, Part 7

Lessons in the Lutheran Confessions

Scripture Text: Galatians 5:1–6

To say that one may do something—anything—that could earn God's grace is an insult to the gospel of our Lord. The Lutherans pointed out this fallacy in the monasticism practiced at the time of the Reformation.

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Concerning Monastic Vows, Part 6

Lessons in the Lutheran Confessions

Scripture Text: Romans 8:1–4

The Lutherans believed that marriages could not be annulled by monastic vows. Indeed, the opposite is the case: marriage vows annul monastic obligations.

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Concerning Monastic Vows, Part 5

Lessons in the Lutheran Confessions

Scripture Text: Matthew 19:10–12

When the Apostle Paul was a grown man, able to make decisions as to whether or not to be married, he seems to have chosen to remain unmarried so that his time could be devoted to the kingdom of God.

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Concerning Monastic Vows, Part 4

Lessons in the Lutheran Confessions

Scripture Text: Ecclesiastes 5:1–7

The practice of religion can be insincere and downright hypocritical. Even our devotion can be disingenuous when it is focused on self instead of God. So we should watch our step and guard our words.

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Concerning Monastic Vows, Part 3

Lessons in the Lutheran Confessions

Scripture Text: 1 Corinthians 7:1–5

The Lutherans at Wittenberg allowed those under vows to marry. Some had been placed under monastic orders by their families, and others by their own ignorance

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Concerning Monastic Vows, Part 2

Lessons in the Lutheran Confessions

Scripture Text: Philippians 3:12–21

The Apostle Paul admits that he is not perfect, but struggling against his flesh. (Rom 7:15) He presses on toward the goal of completeness, in spite of his imperfect state.

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Concerning Monastic Vows, Part 1

Lessons in the Lutheran Confessions

Scripture Text: Matthew 5:33–37

The idea that one could earn favor with God permeated the Church. Monastic vows was one more example of this doctrine of works.

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Concerning the Distinction of Meats, Part 6

Lessons in the Lutheran Confessions

Scripture Text: 1 Corinthians 9:24–27

The difference was, as it always was for the Lutherans, that they did not regard discipline of the flesh and other Church traditions as necessary for salvation.

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Concerning the Distinction of Meats, Part 5

Lessons in the Lutheran Confessions

Scripture Text: Acts 16:25–31

God's grace cannot be earned or increased by keeping Church customs. So, Lutherans confess that we are saved by the grace of Christ alone, as the Scriptures teach.

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Concerning the Distinction of Meats, Part 4

Lessons in the Lutheran Confessions

Scripture Text: 2 Corinthians 11:1–6

The Lord insists that we teach his Word with patience and clarity. We must take a firm stand on matters of doctrine, for people's souls hang in the balance. Such was the case for the Lutherans in Wittenberg.

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Concerning the Distinction of Meats, Part 3

Lessons in the Lutheran Confessions

Scripture Text: Micah 6:6–8

“They can't see the forest for the trees” is a saying that could easily be applied to the Church. What difference does it really make whether the Bible is carried into the sanctuary in just the right manner, so long as the Word of God is read?

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Concerning the Distinction of Meats, Part 2

Lessons in the Lutheran Confessions

Scripture Text: Matthew 15:1–9

The kingdom of God is not in the doing of things but in believing what has been done. There is nothing wrong, of course, with following God's law and keeping his commandments. Christians keep God's commands but they do not believe that religious acts elicit God's mercy. God loves us with a perfect love.

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Concerning the Distinction of Meats, Part 1

Lessons in the Lutheran Confessions

Scripture Text: Romans 14:14–19

The Lutherans insisted that they were under no such obligation to satisfy God since we are not forgiven by our works but instead for Christ's sake alone. Justification with God is through faith in Christ's work, never by religious deeds.

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Concerning Confession, Part 2

Lessons in the Lutheran Confessions

Scripture Text: Psalm 19:12–13

No one can remember or even be aware of all of his sins, so that sort of confession that demands a litany of every last sin is hopeless. Trying to do so will produce a miserable person, overburdened under the weight of both his sins and the Church's demands.

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Concerning Confession, Part 1

Lessons in the Lutheran Confessions

Scripture Text: John 20:21-23

Both the Small and Large Catechisms of Luther provide instruction about how to make confession. We teach that people must confess their sins before receiving Holy Communion. And they must be forgiven.

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Concerning the Mass - Part 6

Lessons in the Lutheran Confessions

Scripture Text: 1 Corinthians 11:33-34

Holy Communion is a benefit for those gathered. It is not to be served to those who are not present or to unbelievers or the dead. When the Church gathers for worship, Communion is celebrated with proper order. Communion is not a potluck that feeds the belly.

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Concerning the Mass - Part 5

Lessons in the Lutheran Confessions

Scripture Text: Luke 22:14-20

When you approach the altar, you ought to ask, “What am I doing here?” The answer, of course, is that your Lord has called you to his table. You might think that you are unworthy to eat from his hand. Nevertheless, he has called you — commanded you. Take. Eat.

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Concerning the Mass - Part 4

Lessons in the Lutheran Confessions

Scripture Text: Hebrews 10:8-14

It was believed that the Mass was an additional sacrifice that atoned for people's sins—indeed, not just the sins of the living but the dead as well. Because the Church had come to accept that Christ's death only atoned for Original Sin...

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Concerning the Mass - Part 3

Lessons in the Lutheran Confessions

Scripture Text: Acts 8:18-23

It is bad enough when people who know better turn a blind eye to the truth. It is worse when they do so for financial reward. This was a leading problem facing the Church, not only at the time of the Reformation but for hundreds of years prior to the reform efforts of the Lutherans.

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Concerning the Mass - Part 2

Lessons in the Lutheran Confessions

Scripture Text: Ephesians 2:4-7

The Mass, or Holy Communion, was being bought and sold in the days of the Reformation. It was thought that one could purchase a Mass to be said for himself as a way of earning some merit with God.

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Concerning the Mass - Part 1

Lessons in the Lutheran Confessions

Scripture Text: 1 Corinthians 11:27-32

Lutherans celebrate Holy Communion often—many of our churches communing each Lord's Day. We do so with order and reverence, beginning with the acknowledgment that we all sin...

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Concerning the Marriage of Priests

Lessons in the Lutheran Confessions

Scripture Text: Genesis 2:18, 21-24

Then, he too took a wife, a former nun by the name of Katherine. She became everything God intended in marriage. She was in all ways Luther's helpmate and better half.

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Concerning Both Kinds in the Sacrament

Lessons in the Lutheran Confessions

Scripture Text: Matthew 26:26-28

When we begin to change the plain meaning of God's Word or remove words that offend us, we offend God and are condemned by the very words we omit.

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Corrected Abuses

Lessons in the Lutheran Confessions

Scripture Text: 1 Corinthians 16:13-14

But corruptions had begun to creep into the Church. Reform was badly needed so that people's hearts could again be comforted by the mercy of God in Christ.

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Conclusion of Part One

Lessons in the Lutheran Confessions

Scripture Text: 1 Corinthians 1:10-13

Since it has been shown that the Church Fathers also agreed with their teachings, it must be noted that the Wittenbergers were also in accord with the whole Church.

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Concerning the Worship of Saints

Lessons in the Lutheran Confessions

Scripture Text: Romans 8:31-34

Lutherans encourage an old tradition: imitate those who imitate Christ. (1 Cor 4:16; 11:1) We hold up the lives of the saints as models of faith to be followed. But we do not venerate the saints or pray to them.

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